Code that runs only when a certain condition is true, using if/else statements.
A conditional is a programming structure that branches—it says 'if this is true, do that; otherwise, do something else.' Conditionals make programs responsive to different situations.
The most common conditional is the if/else statement. You provide a condition (a Boolean), and the code runs different branches depending on whether it is true or false. You can chain multiple conditions with else if. In React, JSX uses ternary operators and && for conditional rendering.
Mastering conditionals is crucial because most program logic is based on them. Login fails if password is wrong. Checkout fails if payment fails. Messages display if criteria are met.
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