The process of scrambling data so only authorized people can read it.
Encryption is the process of converting readable data into an unreadable format that can only be decoded with the correct key. It protects sensitive information like passwords, API keys, and personal data during transmission and storage.
HTTPS and SSL/TLS encrypt HTTP requests between browsers and servers. RSA is a widely used encryption algorithm. JWTs and tokens are encrypted for security. Environment variables store encrypted secrets.
Encryption differs from Hashing — encryption is reversible (with the right key), while hashing is one-way. Both are essential for Authentication and protecting user data in databases.
For password storage, Hashing with bcrypt is preferred over encryption because hashes can't be reversed. For token security, HTTP-only Cookies prevent JavaScript from accessing sensitive tokens.
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